Table of Contents
Biophilic architecture, based on biophilic design, is rapidly shaping the future of sustainable building design, integrating nature into the built environment to improve human well-being, environmental sustainability, and aesthetic appeal.
In this article, we explore nine outstanding examples of biophilic architecture from around the world that are leading the way in 2024.
What is Biophilic Architecture?
Biophilic architecture is a design approach that integrates natural elements like plants, water, natural light, and organic materials into buildings to foster a closer connection between people and nature, enhancing well-being and sustainability.
Biophilic architecture refers to the practice of designing buildings and spaces that connect occupants more closely to nature.
This design philosophy stems from the concept of biophilia, which suggests that humans have an innate connection to the natural world.
By incorporating natural elements like plants, water features, and natural light, biophilic architecture aims to create environments that are not only visually appealing but also promote physical and mental well-being.
The Importance of Biophilic Architecture in Modern Design
As urban areas continue to expand, the distance between humans and nature grows, leading to a range of health and environmental issues. Biophilic architecture addresses these challenges by reintroducing natural elements into urban spaces.
This approach has been shown to reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance overall well-being.
Additionally, biophilic design contributes to sustainability by improving air quality, reducing energy consumption, and promoting biodiversity.
For those looking to incorporate biophilic design into your home, read our article on Crafting Your Biophilic Interior Design Home as well.
1. Apple Park – California, USA
Source: Apple Insider
A Masterpiece of Biophilic Architecture
Apple Park, the headquarters of Apple Inc., is a leading example of biophilic architecture. The campus is designed as a perfect circle, with a massive interior courtyard filled with native trees and plants.
The building's design emphasizes natural light, with large glass panels allowing sunlight to permeate the space.
Surrounding the campus are over 9,000 trees, including orchards and meadows, creating a seamless integration with nature.
Biophilic Elements at Apple Park
- Natural Landscaping: The campus features a variety of native plant species, promoting local biodiversity.
- Sustainability: The building is powered by 100% renewable energy, and the landscaping reduces water usage through drought-resistant plants.
- Employee Well-being: The natural surroundings and open spaces are designed to reduce stress and increase creativity among employees.
2. Bosco Verticale – Milan, Italy
Source: Stefano Boeri Architetti
Biophilic Design in Urban Spaces - The Vertical Forest
The Bosco Verticale, or Vertical Forest, is one of the most iconic examples of biophilic architecture.
These residential towers are covered with over 20,000 plants, including trees, shrubs, and perennials, that contribute to the building's ecosystem.
The greenery not only enhances the visual appeal but also improves air quality by absorbing CO2 and producing oxygen.
Impact of Bosco Verticale on Urban Living
- Air Quality Improvement: The extensive vegetation acts as a natural air filter, reducing pollution in the urban environment.
- Temperature Regulation: The plants help to regulate the temperature within the building, reducing the need for air conditioning.
- Biodiversity: The towers provide a habitat for birds and insects, contributing to urban biodiversity.
3. The Jewel – Singapore
Source: Buro Happold
Integrating Nature into a Transportation Hub
The Jewel at Singapore's Changi Airport is a stunning example of biophilic architecture in a commercial setting. At the heart of this complex is the Rain Vortex, the world's tallest indoor waterfall, surrounded by a lush indoor forest.
The Jewel exemplifies how biophilic design can be used to create immersive and restorative environments in public spaces.
Features of The Jewel's Innovative Biophilic Design
- Indoor Forest: The Jewel houses over 100,000 plants, creating a serene environment for travelers.
- Water Element: The Rain Vortex not only serves as a visual centerpiece but also helps to humidify the air within the complex.
- Sustainability: The design incorporates energy-efficient systems and recycles rainwater for the waterfall and plants.
4. The Spheres – Seattle, USA
Image courtesy of NBJJ
A Biophilic Workplace at Amazon HQ
The Spheres at Amazon’s headquarters in Seattle are a unique example of biophilic architecture in a corporate setting.
These glass domes house over 40,000 plants from around the world, creating a rainforest-like environment in the middle of an urban landscape.
The Spheres are designed to provide Amazon employees with a natural, relaxing environment that enhances creativity and well-being.
Biophilic Innovations in The Spheres
- Diverse Plant Species: The Spheres feature plants from diverse ecosystems, creating a dynamic and educational environment.
- Natural Light: The glass structure maximizes natural light, reducing the need for artificial lighting and creating a connection to the outside world.
- Employee Benefits: The presence of nature within the workplace has been shown to reduce stress and increase productivity.
5. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital – Yishun, Singapore
Photo credit: Khoo Teck Puat Hospital.
Healing Through Nature
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH) in Singapore is designed with the healing power of nature at its core.
The hospital’s biophilic design includes green roofs, vertical gardens, and water features, all of which contribute to a calming and restorative environment for patients, visitors, and staff.
How Biophilic Architecture Enhances Healthcare
- Healing Environment: Studies have shown that exposure to nature can speed up recovery times and reduce the need for pain medication.
- Natural Ventilation: The design of KTPH channels wind through the building, enhancing natural ventilation and reducing reliance on air conditioning.
- Sustainable Design: The hospital's use of natural elements reduces energy consumption and creates a more sustainable healthcare facility.
6. Barbican Centre – London, UK
Credit: Max Colson
A Pioneer in Biophilic Architecture
The Barbican Centre in London is one of the earliest examples of biophilic architecture. This cultural hub is known for its Brutalist architecture, which is softened by extensive greenery, including a large conservatory housing over 1,500 species of plants.
The juxtaposition of concrete and nature creates a unique and inviting space in the heart of the city.
Barbican Centre’s Biophilic Highlights
- Conservatory: The conservatory is a hidden oasis, providing a peaceful retreat within the urban environment.
- Integration of Nature: The use of natural elements within the stark Brutalist design creates a harmonious blend of nature and architecture.
- Cultural Impact: The Barbican Centre continues to inspire biophilic design in cultural institutions worldwide.
7. The Vessel – New York City, USA
Photo by T. Tseng via Flickr
The Vessel, located in New York City's Hudson Yards, is an iconic example of biophilic architecture. This honeycomb-like structure was designed by Thomas Heatherwick and serves as a public art installation, offering visitors a unique experience of the city.
The Vessel’s design incorporates natural light and open spaces, promoting a connection between the urban environment and nature.
This nature-inspired architecture demonstrates how biophilic design can be integrated into public spaces to enhance both aesthetic appeal and visitor well-being.
Biophilic Architecture Features of The Vessel
- Honeycomb Design: Reflects biophilic design principles by maximizing natural light and providing open-air experiences.
- Urban Green Integration: Enhances the connection between visitors and nature, promoting well-being in an urban setting.
- Sustainability: The structure’s design emphasizes energy efficiency and minimal environmental impact, aligning with sustainable biophilic architecture.
- Public Space Innovation: Showcases how biophilic design elements can transform public spaces, making them more engaging and health-promoting.
The Vessel exemplifies innovative biophilic architecture in urban planning, highlighting the benefits of integrating nature into commercial spaces.
This project sets a precedent for future biophilic architecture, emphasizing the importance of sustainability, mental health, and productivity in urban environments.
8. Gardens by the Bay – Singapore
Source: Gardens By the Bay
Gardens by the Bay in Singapore is an architectural marvel, embodying the principles of biophilic design through its iconic Supertree Grove.
These towering vertical gardens, ranging from 25 to 50 meters, integrate cutting-edge sustainability features such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and natural cooling systems.
The Supertrees provide a unique urban-nature experience, fostering a connection to the environment while promoting energy efficiency and reducing carbon footprints.
Nature-inspired architecture:
- Vertical Gardens: These Supertrees exemplify the integration of nature and technology in biophilic architecture.
- Sustainability Initiatives: Incorporates solar power and water conservation, showcasing the potential of green building design.
- Urban Oasis: Offers a natural sanctuary within the city, enhancing well-being and environmental consciousness.
- Innovative Design: Demonstrates how biophilic design strategies can lead to energy-efficient and eco-friendly urban spaces.
Gardens by the Bay is a leading example of nature-inspired architecture that combines environmental sustainability with striking visual appeal, setting a benchmark for future urban developments.
This project highlights the growing importance of biophilic architecture in creating resilient, sustainable cities.
9. The Eden Project – Cornwall, UK
Source: Go Construct
The Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, is an extraordinary example of biophilic architecture, featuring massive biomes that house diverse plant species from around the world.
These geodesic domes are designed to create controlled environments that mimic natural ecosystems, from tropical rainforests to Mediterranean climates.
The Eden Project emphasizes sustainability and environmental education, showcasing how architecture can harmonize with nature to promote biodiversity and ecological awareness.
Key Features of The Eden Project
- Geodesic Biomes: These domes create immersive environments that replicate global ecosystems.
- Sustainability Focus: The project utilizes renewable energy and water conservation, highlighting green building practices.
- Educational Impact: Serves as a center for environmental education, promoting sustainability and biophilic principles.
- Biodiversity Enhancement: Protects and showcases a wide variety of plant species, contributing to global conservation efforts.
The Eden Project exemplifies innovative biophilic architecture, demonstrating how design can contribute to sustainability and environmental education while creating awe-inspiring spaces that connect people to nature.
Conclusion: The Future of Biophilic Architecture
As we move further into the 21st century, the importance of biophilic architecture will only continue to grow. These nine examples showcase how integrating nature into the built environment can create spaces that are not only beautiful but also promote sustainability, health, and well-being.
Whether in commercial, residential, or public spaces, biophilic design is paving the way for a more harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.
